En el último tercio del siglo XX no solo el contrabando ingresaba y salía de Bahía Portete. En realidad, no solo contrabando ingresaba y salía de La Guajira. En los años 70, la bonanza marimbera se esparció por el departamento como el olor de la marimba en un ascensor, prosperidad recreada, en su origen, magistralmente por Marcela Gallego y Ciro Guerra en el filme Pájaros de Verano (2018).
Con el tiempo en la región se establecieron rutas del narcotráfico, que en algunos casos coincidían con los itinerarios de las mercancías ilegales, y uno de esos puntos era el puerto de Bahía Portete.
Según el libro La masacre de Bahía Portete, del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, a principios del siglo XXI el puerto se convirtió en objetivo de los paramilitares: “Su interés principal estaba en el control de los recursos y los aparatos de poder local. Con el paso de los años, se apoderaron no sólo de los circuitos ilegales sino también de los recursos de las instituciones locales y regionales tales como el sistema de salud, organismos de seguridad del Estado como el DAS, y penetraron incluso entidades de investigación como la Fiscalía regional”.
Las incursiones paramilitares llegaron también al pequeño pueblo Punta Coco, en la Alta Guajira, despertando el pavor entre la comunidad wayú de la que es originaria Yuberlis González Ipuana, mujer de 27 años, beneficiada con el Fondo de Reparación para el Acceso, Permanencia y Graduación Superior para la Población Víctima del Conflicto.
Según ella, los paramilitares comenzaron a llegar de forma individual, pero paulatinamente su presencia se hizo más amenazante: “En algunos casos, cuando llegaban nos tocaba ir hasta el mar y quedarnos allí a dormir”.
En ese entonces Yuberlis vivía con su padres y hermanas, y lo único que lograba afectar esa unidad familiar era la llegada de ese grupo armado. “Entre lo que más recuerdo es que al huir, a mi papá le tocaba ir por otro camino para no exponernos mucho, ya que a veces llegaban a buscar a los hombres y a los líderes de la comunidad”.
Aunque no vivía precisamente en Bahía Portete, la masacre ocurrida allí entre el 18 y 20 de abril de 2004, atemorizó a tal punto a la comunidad de Punta Coco que esta se desplazó principalmente al municipio de Uribia, conocido como “La capital indígena de Colombia”.
Segú unos informes por esa masacre se desplazaron más de 350 personas; otros aseguran que el número supera las 800 personas. Lo que sí es más fidedigno es que Yuberlis se convirtió en una de las 155.274 víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en La Guajira, de acuerdo con el Registro Único de Víctimas.
Las hermanas de Yuberlis no vivieron esa experiencia puesto que ellas estudiaban en un internado en Uribia.
Por un tiempo la economía familiar se afectó porque su principal actividad era la pesca artesanal, y eso hizo difícil sobrevivir de la elaboración de mochilas y chinchorros en un municipio en el que esa tradición no es una novedad.
El temor a perder sus posesiones empujó a sus padres a regresar a Punta Coco al mes del desplazamiento, y no es que los seis indígenas wayú asesinados en bahía Portete hubieran quedado atrás, tampoco las 21 masacres cometidas en La Guajira antes de ese abril de 2004, solo que perder la casa y el poco ganado que tenían resultaba más terrorífico.
La educación en su pueblo se complicó debido a la situación, ya que los profesores, que iban de otros lugares, se sentían expuestos y no llegaban. Yuberlis terminó el bachillerato en el Internado Indígena San José de Uribia, en el que se graduaron sus hermanas mayores.
Quería seguir estudiando y se radicó en Santa Marta. Ingresó a estudiar Biología en la Universidad del Magdalena gracias al Fondo de Educación, que beneficia a los estudiantes aceptados en el Registro Único de Víctimas o que en su defecto sean reconocidos como tal en los procesos de Restitución de Tierras, Justicia y Paz, Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz o en las de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
La salud complicó sus estudios, por lo que debió suspender sus sueños por un año. En diciembre del año pasado se graduó y el crédito fue condonado por el Fondo.
Regresó a su pueblo donde ha sido docente, aunque su horizonte es trabajar en su línea profesional como investigadora, ojalá en la Universidad del Valle, en un grupo de investigación de genética molecular humana, deseo que surgió durante su carrera en los semilleros de investigación “como una forma de aportar ese granito de arena”.
Por lo pronto tiene un sueño, que parece más un compromiso: ayudar a que en su comunidad las personas se sigan formando como profesionales, por lo que Yuberlis está pendiente de las convocatorias del Fondo de Educación para replicarles la información y orientarlos, lo que también es una forma de aportar otros granitos de arena.
EG
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To accomplish this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at level AA. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people with a wide range of disabilities. Adhering to those guidelines helps us ensure that the website is accessible to all people: people who are blind, people with motor disabilities, visually impaired, cognitively disabled, and more.
This website uses various technologies aimed at making it as accessible as possible at all times. We use an accessibility interface that allows people with specific disabilities to adjust the user interface (user interface) of the website and design it according to their personal needs.
In addition, the website uses an AI-based application that runs in the background and constantly optimizes its accessibility level. This application repairs the HTML of the website, adapts its functionality and behavior for screen readers used by blind users and for keyboard functions used by people with motor disabilities.
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Our website implements the ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attribute technique, along with several different behavior changes, to ensure that blind users who visit with screen readers can read, understand, and enjoy the features of the website. As soon as a user with a screen reader enters your site, they are immediately prompted to enter the screen reader profile so they can effectively navigate and operate your site. Here's how our website covers some of the most important screen reader requirements, along with console screenshots of code examples:
Screen Reader Optimization: We run a background process that learns website components from top to bottom, to ensure continued compliance even when the website is updated. In this process, we provide screen readers with meaningful data using the ARIA attribute set. For example, we provide accurate form tags; actionable icon descriptions (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guide for form inputs; roles of elements such as buttons, menus, modal dialogs (popups), and others. In addition, the background process scans all images on the website and provides an accurate and meaningful description based on Image Object Recognition as an ALT (alternative text) tag for images that are not described. It will also extract texts that are embedded within the image, using an OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology. To activate screen reader settings at any time, users just need to press the Alt+1 keyboard combination. Screen reader users also receive automated prompts to activate screen reader mode as soon as they enter the website.
These settings are compatible with all popular screen readers, including JAWS and NVDA.
Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the HTML of the website and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the website work with the keyboard. This includes the ability to navigate the website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdown menus with the arrow keys, close them with Esc, activate buttons and links using the Enter key, navigate between radio items and checkboxes using the arrow keys and complete them with the space bar or the Enter key. In addition, keyboard users will find quick navigation and content skip menus, available at any time by clicking Alt+1, or as the first site elements while navigating with the keyboard. The background process also handles triggered popups by moving keyboard focus to them as soon as they appear, and not allowing focus to drift away from it.
Users can also use shortcuts such as "M" (menus), "H" (headers), "F" (forms), "B" (buttons), and "G" (graphics) to jump to specific items.
Disability profiles accepted on our website
Epilepsy Safe Mode: This profile allows people with epilepsy to use the website safely by eliminating the risk of seizures resulting from flashing or flickering animations and risky color combinations.
Visually Impaired Mode: This mode adjusts the website for the comfort of visually impaired users such as impaired vision, tunnel vision, cataracts, glaucoma, and others.
Cognitive Impairment Mode – This mode provides different support options to help users with cognitive impairments such as dyslexia, autism, AVC, and others to focus on the essential elements of the website more easily.
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Additional UI, layout, and readability tweaks
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Color Settings: Users can select various color contrast profiles, such as light, dark, inverted, and monochrome. Additionally, users can swap title, text, and background color combinations, with more than 7 different color options.
Animations: Epileptic users can stop all running animations with the click of a button. Interface-driven animations include videos, GIFs, and flashing CSS transitions.
Content Highlighting – Users can choose to emphasize important elements like links and titles. They can also choose to highlight only focused or suspended items.
Audio Mute: Users with hearing aids may experience headaches or other issues due to autoplay of audio. This option allows users to mute the entire website instantly.
Cognitive disorders: We use a search engine that is linked to Wikipedia and Wiktionary, allowing people with cognitive disorders to decipher meanings of phrases, initials, slang, and others.
Additional features: We provide users with the option to change the color and size of the cursor, use a print mode, enable a virtual keyboard, and many other features.
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Our goal is to support the widest possible range of browsers and assistive technologies, so our users can choose the tools that work best for them, with as few limitations as possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all the major systems that comprise more than 95 % of the user market share, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS and NVDA (readers). screen), for both Windows and MAC users.
Notes, comments and feedback
Despite our best efforts to allow anyone to adjust the website to their needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of being made accessible, or lack an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we're continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating, and improving its features and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this to achieve the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advances. For assistance, please contact servicioalciudadano@unidadvictimas.gov.co